1: J Biosci. 2006 Dec;31(5):629/37.
Cytomixis impairs meiosis and influences reproductive success in Chlorophytum
comosum (Thunb)Jacq. / an additional strategy and possible implications.
Lattoo SK, Khan S, Bamotra S, Dhar AK.
Regional Research Laboratory,Canal Road,Jammu Tawi 180
001,India,surrinlattoo@rediffmail.com.
Spontaneous intercellular chromatin migration/cytomixis was observed to occur in
the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the Chlorophytum comosum for the first
time.The migration through cytomictic channels was more pronounced in meiosis/I
and very rare in meiosis/II.The process was associated with erratic
meiosis,which was characterized by defects in chromosome organization and
segregation.Cytomixis was more intense in the month of April than in July and
consequently the frequency of meiotic irregularities was much more pronounced
during the month of April. As a consequence of abnormal meiosis,fertility was
drastically reduced resulting in meager seed efficiency of 17%
only.Recombination system also does not guarantee the release of sufficient
variability.We view the phenomenon of cytomixis as genetically controlled
mechanism involving meiotic genes and operating through signal transduction
pathway triggered by the environmental stimuli.The evolutionary significance and
tenable hypothesis in the backdrop of existing literature is also proposed.
PMID: 17301501 [PubMed / in process]
2: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007 Mar;34(3):244/9.
Ameliorative effect of Chlorophytum borivilianum root on lipid metabolism in
hyperlipaemic rats.
Visavadiya NP, Narasimhacharya AV.
Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat,
India.
1. The present study examined the efficacy of Chlorophytum borivilianum root
(powder) in modulating the hyperlipaemic/hypercholesteraemic conditions in male
albino rats. 2. Administration of C. borivilianum (0.75 and 1.5 g root
powder/rat per day for 4 weeks) to hypercholesteraemic rats significantly
increased high/density lipoprotein/cholesterol levels and decreased plasma and
hepatic lipid profiles. 3. In addition, there were significant increases in
faecal cholesterol, neutral sterol and bile acid excretion with elevated hepatic
3/hydroxy/3/methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and bile acid
production. 4. Furthermore, the hypercholesteraemic rats treated with both doses
of C. borivilianum also exhibited increases in superoxide dismutase and ascorbic
acid levels. 5. Normocholesteraemic animals treated with both doses of C.
borivilianum root powder did not show any significant variation in either lipid
or anti/oxidant profiles, except for an increase in the hepatic ascorbic acid
concentration compared with their untreated counterparts. 6. The
hypolipaemic/hypocholesteraemic effect of C. borivilianum root powder appears to
be mediated by an increase in cholesterol turnover via increased faecal
cholesterol excretion and, second, through an endogenous cholesterol conversion
into bile acid. 7. Administration of C. borivilianum root powder also increased
the activities of anti/oxidant enzymes and vitamin C levels, which may have
enhanced the anti/oxidant capacity of the liver.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 17250646 [PubMed / in process]
3: Planta Med. 2006 Dec;72(15):1421/4. Epub 2006 Oct 18.
Action of (2//>1)Fructo/oligopolysaccharide fraction of Chlorophytum
borivilianum against Streptozotocin/Induced oxidative stress.
Narasimhan S, Govindarajan R, Madhavan V, Thakur M, Dixit VK, Mehrotra S,
Madhusudanan KP.
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research
Institute, Lucknow, India. narasimhansreevidyan@rediffmail.com
A fructo/oligosaccharide was isolated from Chlorophytum borivilianum and
identified as O/beta/D/fructofuranosyl/(2//>1)/(beta/D/fructofuranosyl)
(n)/(2//>1)/alpha/D/glucopyranoside (n = 5 / 30) using high/pressure anion
exchange chromatography, MALDI/MS, NMR, GC, HPTLC and chemical analysis. The
extract and the fructo/oligosaccharide were found to have significant
antidiabetic activity with the blood sugar levels being 118.32 +// 3.56 and
110.21 +// 4.22, respectively, as compared to the control value of 231.25 +//
3.03 along with moderate antioxidant activity in streptozotocin/induced diabetic
animals.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 17051465 [PubMed / in process]
4: Planta Med. 2006 Dec;72(15):e375/e380. Epub 2006 Oct 18.
Supporting Information to "Action of (2//>1)Fructo/oligopolysaccharide Fraction
of Chlorophytum borivilianum against Streptozotocin/Induced Oxidative Stress"
Narasimhan S, Govindarajan R, Madhavan V, Thakur M, Dixit VK, Mehrotra S,
Madhusudanan KP.
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research
Institute, Lucknow, India.
PMID: 17051464 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
5: Plant Cell Environ. 2006 Aug;29(8):1595/605.
Guard cells in albino leaf patches do not respond to photosynthetically active
radiation, but are sensitive to blue light, CO2 and abscisic acid.
Roelfsema MR, Konrad KR, Marten H, Psaras GK, Hartung W, Hedrich R.
Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius/von/Sachs Institute for
Biosciences, Biocenter, Wurzburg University, Germany.
Stomatal openings can be stimulated by light through two signalling pathways.
The first pathway is blue light specific and involves phototropins, while the
second pathway mediates a response to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).
This second pathway was studied with the use of albino Vicia faba plants and
variegated leaves of Chlorophytum comosum. Treatment of V. faba with norflurazon
(Nf) inhibits the synthesis of carotenoids and leads to albino leaves with guard
cells that lack functional green chloroplasts. Guard cells in albino leaf
patches of C. comosum, however, do contain photosynthetically active
chloroplasts. Stomata in albino leaf patches of both plants did not respond to
red light, although blue light could still induce stomatal opening. This shows
that the response to PAR is not functioning in albino leaf patches, even though
guard cells of C. comosum harbour chloroplasts. Stomata of Nf/treated plants
still responded to CO2 and abscisic acid (ABA). The size of Nf/treated guard
cells was increased, but impalement studies with double/barrelled
microelectrodes revealed no changes in ion/transport properties at the plasma
membrane of guard cells. Blue light could hyperpolarize albino guard cells by
triggering outward currents with peak values of 37 pA in albino plants and 51 pA
in green control cells. Because of the inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis,
Nf/treated V. faba plants contained only 4% of the ABA content found in green
control plants. The ABA dose dependence of anion channel activation in guard
cells was shifted in these plants, causing a reduced response to 10 microM ABA.
These data show that despite the dramatic changes in physiology caused by Nf,
the gross responsiveness of guard cells to blue light, CO2 and ABA remains
unaltered. Stomata in albino leaf patches, however, do not respond to PAR, but
require photosynthetically active mesophyll cells for this response.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16898020 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
6: Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 Jun;44(6):499/505.
Reduction of vitrification in in vitro raised shoots of Chlorophytum
borivilianum Sant. & Fernand., a rare potent medicinal herb.
Sharma U, Mohan JS.
Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120,
India.
Reduction of vitrification in in vitro raised shoots derived from shoot bases
and immature floral buds along with inflorescence axis used as explants of C.
borivilianum, a rare medicinal herb is described. Shoot multiplication was
obtained on MS medium with 2 mg l(/1) benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.1 mg l(/1)
indole/3/butyric acid (IBA) and MS medium with 2 mg l(/1) kinetin (Kin) + 0.1 mg
l(/1) 2,4/dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4/D) from shoot bases and inflorescence
axis respectively. Best multiplication rates were obtained from both the
explants on MS medium with 2 mg l(/1) BAP. Vitrification of shoots in cultures
appeared during the multiplication stage. Culture bottles with aerated caps
reduced the vitrification to 80%. Reduction of BAP concentration from 2 mg l(/1)
to zero during subsequent subcultures also minimized vitrification. Use of 0.5/2
mg l(/1) Kin produced healthy shoots when compared to BAP. In vitro raised
shoots rooted on Knop salts containing iron and vitamins of MS medium, 2 mg
l(/1) IBA and 0.1% activated charcoal. About 80% plantlets survived upon soil
transfer. Scanning electron microscopic and image analyzer studies reveal the
morphological structural differences between the leaves of normal and vitrified
plantlets.
Publication Types:
In Vitro
PMID: 16784122 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
7: Plant Cell Rep. 2006 Jun;25(6):499/506. Epub 2006 Feb 11.
Rapid plant regeneration and analysis of genetic fidelity of in vitro derived
plants of Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker//an endangered medicinal herb.
Lattoo SK, Bamotra S, Sapru Dhar R, Khan S, Dhar AK.
Genetics and Plant Breeding, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Canal Road,
Jammu Tawi, 180 001 India. surrinlattoo@rediffmail.com
An efficient in vitro multiplication system via multiple shoot bud induction and
regeneration has been developed in Chlorophytum arundinaceum using shoot crown
explants. Optimum regeneration frequency (87%) and desirable organogenetic
response in the form of de novo organized multiple shoot buds without an
intervening callus phase was obtained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) minimal
organics medium containing 3% sucrose (w/v) supplemented with 4 x 10(/6) M Kn
and 2 x 10(/6) MIBA. Axenic secondary explants with multiple shoot buds on
subculturing elicited best response with 1 x 10(/5) M Kinetin (Kn) and 5 x
10(/6) M indole/3/butyric acid (IBA) giving rise to an average of 18.74 shoots
per culture with mean shoot length of 7.6 cm +// 1.73. Varying molar ratios of
either Kn/IBA or Kn/NAA revealed statistically significant differences in the
regeneration frequencies among the phytohormone treatments. It was observed that
the shoot bud differentiation and regeneration was influenced by the molar
ratios of cytokinins/auxin rather than their relative concentrations. Healthy
regenerated shoots were rooted in half strength MS basal medium containing 3%
sucrose (w/v) supplemented with 5 x 10(/6) M IBA. Following simple hardening
procedures, rooted plantlets, were transferred to soil/sand (1:1; v/v) with more
than 90% success. Genetic fidelity was assessed using random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD), karyotype analysis and meiotic behaviour of in vitro and
in vivo plants. Five arbitrary decamers displayed same banding profile within
all the micropropagated plants and in vivo explant donor. The cytological and
molecular analysis complemented and compared well and showed no genomic
alterations in the plants regenerated through shoot bud differentiation. High
multiplication frequency, molecular, cytological and phenotypic stability
ensures the efficacy of the protocol developed for the production and
conservation of this important endangered medicinal herb.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16477407 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
8: Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Feb;7(1):33/49.
Micropropagation: a tool for the production of high quality plant/based
medicines.
Debnath M, Malik CP, Bisen PS.
Tissue Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences,
Seedling Academy of Design, Technology And Management, Jaipur/302025, India.
Medicinal plants are the most important source of life saving drugs for the
majority of the world's population. The biotechnological tools are important to
select, multiply and conserve the critical genotypes of medicinal plants. Plant
tissue culture techniques offer an integrated approach for the production of
standardized quality phytopharmaceutical through mass/production of consistent
plant material for physiological characterization and analysis of active
ingredients. Micropropagation protocols for cloning of some medicinal plants
such as Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae), Chlorophytum borivilianum
(Liliaceae), Datura metel (Solanaceae), and Bacopa monnieri (Scrophulariaceae)
have been developed. Regeneration occurred via organogenesis and embryogenesis
in response to auxins and cytokinins. The integrated approaches of our culture
systems will provide the basis for the future development of novel, safe,
effective, and high/quality products for consumers.
Publication Types:
Review
PMID: 16472132 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
9: Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 Jan;44(1):77/82.
In vitro clonal propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. et Fernand., a
rare medicinal herb from immature floral buds along with inflorescence axis.
Sharma U, Mohan JS.
Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120,
India.
A novel method of shoot regeneration from immature floral buds along with
inflorescence axis in C. borivilianum, a rare medicinal herb is described. Using
this explant, axenic cultures were established with very less contamination
(10%). MS medium with 2 mg l(/1) kinetin and 0.1 mg l(/1) 2,
4/dichlorophenoxyacetic acid proved to be the best for multiple shoot induction.
Maximum number (35) of shoot production was achieved in MS medium with 2 mg
l(/1) benzylaminopurine. Rooting of shoots (86.7%) with maximum fasciculated
roots (5) occurred on Knops medium containing iron and vitamins of MS medium
with 2 mg l(/1) indole/3/butyric acid and 0.1% activated charcoal. Plant
survival was 80% in four weeks after their removal from in vitro conditions. Per
explant 34 hardened plants generated within 50 weeks. This protocol can be
useful for large/scale clonal multiplication from immature floral buds with
inflorescence axis and successfully used for germplasm conservation of this rare
medicinal herb without destroying the mother plant.
PMID: 16430096 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
10: Phytochemistry. 2006 Jan;67(2):178/82. Epub 2005 Dec 15.
Phytochemistry and antimycobacterial activity of Chlorophytum inornatum.
O'Donnell G, Bucar F, Gibbons S.
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of
London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
In a project to investigate plant derived natural products from the Liliaceae
with activity against fast/growing strains of mycobacteria, we have identified
two new metabolites from Chlorophytum inornatum. The active principle, a new
homoisoflavanone (1) was identified as
3/(4'/methoxybenzyl)/7,8/methylenedioxy/chroman/4/one. The metabolite assigned
as 7/(1'/hydroxyethyl)/2/(2''/hydroxyethyl)/3,4/dihydrobenzopyran (2) was
characterised by extensive 1/ and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The antimycobacterial
activity of this plant was mainly due to the homoisoflavonoid which exhibited
minimum inhibitory values ranging from 16/256 microg/ml against four strains of
fast/growing mycobacteria.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16343565 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
11: J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 6;104(3):423/5. Epub 2005 Nov 4.
Free radical scavenging potential of Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker.
Narasimhan S, Govindarajan R, Vijayakumar M, Mehrotra S.
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research
Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
narasimhansreevidya@rediffmail.com
Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker commonly referred as 'Musli' has been widely used
as a potent 'Rasayana' drug in 'Ayurveda' as a rejuvenator and tonic.
Antioxidant potential of Chlorophytum tuberosum has been investigated for their
ability to scavenge 1,1,diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide radical
along with their capacity to reduce lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate,
chelation of ferrous ion, radical scavenging potential using chemiluminescence
and their total antioxidant capacity. Sugar, starch, protein, and Vitamin C
content were estimated spectrophotometrically along with the percentages of the
individual amino acids by HPLC and individual sugars by using HPTLC as
standardization tool. The extract has been found to possess antioxidant activity
in all the models tested as evident by IC50 values being 225.31, 888.44, 809.22
and 422.97 microg/ml for scavenging of DPPH, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation
and ferry bi/pyridyl complex, respectively, along with a integral anitoxidant
activity of 2.986 nmol ascorbic acid/g equivalents in photochemiluminescence
assay.
Publication Types:
In Vitro
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16271837 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
12: J Hered. 2005 Mar/Apr;96(2):155/60. Epub 2004 Dec 23.
In situ chromosomal localization of rDNA sites in "Safed Musli" Chlorophytum
ker/gawl and their physical measurement by fiber FISH.
Lavania UC, Basu S, Srivastava S, Mukai Y, Lavania S.
Cytogenetics Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,
Lucknow/226 015, India. lavania@cimap.res.in
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) technique has been applied on somatic
chromosomes and extended DNA fibers in the medicinally important species of
Chlorophytum to elucidate physical localization and measurement of the rDNA
sites using two rRNA multigene families homologous to 45S and 5S rDNA. The two
species of Chlorophytum, namely C. borivillianum and C. comosum, both with 2n =
28, reveal diversity for copy number and localization of rDNA sites. C.
borivillianum is comprised of five 45S/rDNA sites:one each in the secondary
constriction region of chromosomes 7, 8, 9; one in the subtelomeric region of
the short arm of chromosome 2 and the telomeric region of the short arm of
chromosome 12; and one 5S/rDNA site in the subtelomeric region of the long arm
of chromosome 1. In C. comosum, there are three 45S/rDNA sites (one each in the
short arm of chromosomes 12, 13, and 14) and two 5S/rDNA sites (in the secondary
constriction regions of chromosomes 2 and 13). Fiber FISH analysis conducted on
extended DNA fibers revealed variation in the size of continuous tandem strings
for the two r/DNA families. Taking the standard value of native B DNA equivalent
to 3.27 kb for 1 mum, it was estimated that the physical size of continuous DNA
strings is of the order of approximately 90 kb, 180 kb, and 300 kb for 45S/rDNA
and of the order of 60 kb, 150 kb for 5S/rDNA in C. comosum, grossly in
correspondence to their respective physical sizes at metaphase.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15618304 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
13: Plant Physiol. 2004 May;135(1):193/200. Epub 2004 Apr 30.
Heterogeneous pollen in Chlorophytum comosum, a species with a unique mode of
plastid inheritance intermediate between the maternal and biparental modes.
Liu Y, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Sodmergen.
College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 China.
The majority of angiosperms display maternal plastid inheritance. The
cytological mechanisms of this mode of inheritance have been well studied, but
little is known about its genetic relationship to biparental inheritance. The
angiosperm Chlorophytum comosum is unusual in that different pollen grains show
traits of different modes of plastid inheritance. About 50% of these pollen
grains exhibit the potential for biparental plastid inheritance, whereas the
rest exhibit maternal plastid inheritance. There is no morphological difference
between these two types of pollen. Pollen grains from different individuals of
C. comosum all exhibited this variability. Closer examination revealed that
plastid polarization occurs, with plastids being excluded from the generative
cell during the first pollen mitosis. However, the exclusion is incomplete in
50% of the pollen grains, and the few plastids distributed to the generative
cells divide actively after mitosis. Immunoelectron microscopy using an anti/DNA
antibody demonstrated that the plastids contain a large amount of DNA. As there
is a considerable discrepancy between the exclusion and duplication of plastids,
resulting in plastids with opposite fates occurring simultaneously in C.
comosum, we propose that the species is a transitional type with a mode of
plastid inheritance that is genetically intermediate between the maternal and
biparental modes.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15122036 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
14: Protoplasma. 2003 Jun;221(3/4):245/56.
Actomyosin is involved in the plasmolytic cycle: gliding movement of the
deplasmolyzing protoplast.
Komis G, Apostolakos P, Galatis B.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens.
The leaf cells of Chlorophytum comosum seem to have the ability to regulate
their protoplast volume and shape during the plasmolytic cycle. This phenomenon
was morphologically expressed by the stabilization of the plasmolyzed protoplast
volume and shape within 1/5 min after the immersion of the leaf segments in the
plasmolytic fluid and temporarily at the onset of deplasmolysis. During the
latter stage the plasmolyzed protoplast rounded up and assumed a perfectly
convex shape and glided into the cell lumen along the cell axis. This gliding
movement was active, nonsaltatory, and conducted with a constant velocity and
lasted for a short time. During this movement the protoplast volume did not
change appreciably. As far as we know, this movement has not been described so
far. Deplasmolysis proceeded and was rapidly completed when the protoplast
stopped moving. Leaf cells which have been affected by an antiactin filament
drug or myosin inhibitors lost their ability to regulate the volume and shape of
the plasmolyzing protoplast. In addition, the gliding protoplast movement was
also inhibited in the treated cells. These data show for the first time that the
actomyosin system is involved in the mechanism of volume regulation during the
plasmolytic cycle and that it underlies the gliding movement of the
deplasmolyzing protoplast.
PMID: 12802632 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
15: Protoplasma. 2003 Jun;221(3/4):211/6.
Cytological evidence for preservation of mitochondrial and plastid DNA in the
mature generative cells of Chlorophytum spp. (Liliaceae).
Zhang Q, Sodmergen.
College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Following 4',6/diamidino/2/phenylindole staining of mature pollen grains of
Chlorophytum comosum, fluorescence microscopy confirmed that cytoplasmic
nucleoids (DNA aggregates) were present in the generative cells, which indicated
the possibility of biparental cytoplasmic inheritance. Electron and
immuno/electron microscopy showed that both plastids and mitochondria were
present in the generative cells, and both organelles contained DNA. These
results indicate that mitochondria and plastids of C. comosum have the potential
for biparental inheritance. Similar results were obtained with mature pollen
grains of C. chinense. Therefore, we conclude the coincident biparental
inheritance for mitochondria and plastids in the members of the genus
Chlorophytum.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12802628 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
16: Zhong Yao Cai. 2002 Jul;25(7):493/4.
[The effects of dieda zhentong liquid on ear microcirculation of rabbit]
[Article in Chinese]
Mei Q, Zhong X, Wu H, Gao Y, Li J, Wang J.
Hosipital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan City of Guangdong
Province, Guangzhou 528400.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Dieda Zhentong Liquid (DDZTL) on ear
microcirculation of rabbits. METHODS: With microcirculation apparatus, caliber
of micrangium, velocity and volume of blood flow were detected in experimental
groups. RESULTS: The volume of blood flow of DDZTL group without Chlorophytum
laxum haven't an increase compared with that of the group without administering
the medicinal liquid. Shexiang Shuhuo Essence group, Chlorophytum laxum group,
high and low dose DDZTL group have an increase. CONCLUSION: DDZTL could improve
ear microcirculation of rabbit. Chlorophytum laxum maybe play an important role
in above/mentioned effect.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12599763 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
17: Planta Med. 2000 Aug;66(6):587/90.
Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic saponin chloromaloside A from
Chlorophytum malayense.
Qiu SX, Li XC, Xiong Y, Dong Y, Chai H, Fransworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Fong HH.
A cytotoxic steroidal glycoside was isolated from Chlorophytum malayense Ridley
and its structure was characterized as a known compound, neohecogenin
3/O/beta/D/glucopyranosyl(1//>2)/[beta/D/xylopyranosyl(1//>3)]/beta/D/
glucopyranosyl(1//>4)/beta/D/galactopyranoside (chloromaloside A). The
structural identification was performed using 2D/NMR and LC/MS/MS analysis. The
previous, erroneously assigned 1H/NMR spectral data were revised whereas the
published 13C/NMR spectral assignments were confirmed. This compound showed in
vitro cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines.
Publication Types:
Letter
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PMID: 10985095 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
18: Phytochemistry. 1996 Mar;41(5):1405/10.
Steroidal saponins from the underground parts of Chlorophytum comosum and their
inhibitory activity on tumour promoter/induced phospholipids metabolism of HeLa
cells.
Mimaki Y, Kanmoto T, Sashida Y, Nishino A, Satomi Y, Nishino H.
School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan.
Three new spirostanol pentaglycosides embracing beta/D/apiofuranose were
isolated from the fresh underground parts of Chlorophytum comosum together with
four known saponins. The structures of new compounds were determined by
spectroscopic data, including two/dimensional NMR, and partial acid/catalysed
hydrolysis to be (25R)/5 alpha/spirostane/2 alpha,3 beta/diol
3/O/[O/beta/D/glucopyranosyl/
(1//>2)/O/[O/beta/D/apiofuranosyl/(1//>4)/beta/D/glucopyranosyl/(1 //>3)]/O/
beta/D/glucopyranosyl/(1//>4)/beta/D/galactopyranoside], (25R)/3 beta/hydroxy/5
alpha/spirostan/12/one (hecogenin)
3/O/[O/beta/D/glucopyranosyl/(1//>2)/O/[O/beta/D/apiofuranosyl/(1/ />4)/
beta/D/xylopyranosyl/(1//>3)]/O/beta/D/glucopyranosyl/(1//>4)/beta/D/
galactopyranoside] and hecogenin
3/O/[O/beta/D/glucopyranosyl/(1//>2)/O/[O/beta/D/
apiofuranosyl/(1//>4)/beta/D/glucopyranosyl/(1//>3)]/O/beta/D/gluc opyranosyl/
(1//>4)/beta/D/galactopyranoside], respectively. The isolated saponins were
examined for inhibitory activity using
12/O/tetradecanoylphorbor/13/acetate/stimulated 32P/incorporation into
phospholipids of HeLa cells as the primary screening test to identify new
antitumour/promoter compounds.
PMID: 8729463 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
19: Plant Physiol. 1994 Apr;104(4):1301/1309.
Detoxification of Formaldehyde by the Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum L.) and
by Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cell/Suspension Cultures.
Giese M, Bauer/Doranth U, Langebartels C, Sandermann H Jr.
GSF/Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH, Institut fur Biochemische
Pflanzenpathologie, D/85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
The phytotoxicity of formaldehyde for spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum L.),
tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bel B and Bel W3), and soybean (Glycine
max L.) cell/suspension cultures was found to be low enough to allow metabolic
studies. Spider plant shoots were exposed to 7.1 [mu]L L/1 (8.5 mg m/3) gaseous
[14C]/formaldehyde over 24 h. Approximately 88% of the recovered radioactivity
was plant associated and was found to be incorporated into organic acids, amino
acids, free sugars, and lipids as well as cell/wall components. Similar results
were obtained upon feeding [14C]formaldehyde from aqueous solution to aseptic
soybean cell/suspension cultures. Serine and phosphatidylcholine were identified
as major metabolic products. Spider plant enzyme extracts contained two
NAS+/dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activities with molecular mass values
of about 129 and 79 kD. Only the latter enzyme activity required glutathione as
an obligatory second cofactor. It had an apparent Km value of 30 [mu]M for
formaldehyde and an isoelectric point at pH 5.4. Total cell/free dehydrogenase
activity corresponded to 13 [mu]g formaldehyde oxidized h/1 g/1 leaf fresh
weight. Glutathione/dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases were also isolated
from shoots and leaves of Equisetum telmateia and from cell/suspension cultures
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). The results obtained
are consistent with the concept of indoor air decontamination with common room
plants such as the spider plant. Formaldehyde appears to be efficiently
detoxified by oxidation and subsequent C1 metabolism.
PMID: 12232169 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
20: Plant Physiol. 1985 Jul;78(3):596/600.
Free Space Iron Pools in Roots: Generation and Mobilization.
Bienfait HF, van den Briel W, Mesland/Mul NT.
Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM
Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A rapid and simple method for the determination of a ferric iron pool in the
free space of roots is described. Formation of this pool depended on the source
of iron in the nutrient solution. During growth in water culture at pH 5 to 6
with Fe/ethylenediaminetetraacetate, a free space pool of 500 to 1000 nanomoles
Fe per gram fresh weight was formed in the roots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.
var. Prelude), maize (Zea mays L. var. Capella), and chlorophytum (Chlorophytum
comosum [Thunb.] Jacques). No significant pool (less than 100 nanomoles per gram
fresh weight) was formed with ferrioxamine. Upon impending Fe deficiency, bean
and chlorophytum were able to mobilize this pool. Fe/deficient bean plants
mobilized iron from the free space iron pool of another plant in the same
vessel.
PMID: 16664289 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
21: Plant Physiol. 1982 Mar;69(3):642/647.
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients in Mesophyll and Guard Cells : MODULATION
OF GUARD CELL PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION BY CO(2).
Melis A, Zeiger E.
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305.
Chlorophyll fluorescence transients from mesophyll and guard cell chloroplasts
of variegated leaves from Chlorophytum comosum were compared using high
resolution fluorescence spectroscopy. Like their mesophyll counterparts, guard
cell chloroplasts showed the OPS fluorescence transient indicating the operation
of the linear electron transport and the possible generation of NADPH in these
organelles. They also showed a slow fluorescence yield decrease, equivalent to
the MT transition in mesophyll, suggesting the formation of the high energy
state and photophosphorylation. Unlike the mesophyll chloroplasts, the
fluorescence from guard cell chloroplasts lacked the increment of the SM
transition, indicating that the two types of chloroplasts have some metabolic
differences. The presence of CO(2) (supplied as bicarbonate, pH 6.7)
specifically inhibited the MT/equivalent transition while its absence
accelerated it. These observations constitute the first specific evidence of a
guard cell chloroplast response to CO(2). Control of photosynthetic ATP levels
in the guard cell cytoplasm by CO(2) may provide a mechanism regulating the
availability of high energy equivalents at the guard cell plasmalemma, thus
affecting stomatal opening.
PMID: 16662265 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
22: Histochemistry. 1982;73(4):487/91.
Cytochemical demonstration of DNAse in pollen.
Vaughn KC.
Pollen DNAse of Chlorophytum comosum was demonstrated cytochemically by coupling
the breakdown of DNA (due to the endogenous DNAse) with acid phosphatase
supplied to the reaction mixture. Precipitation of the free phosphate groups
(from acid phosphatase reaction on the freed nucleotides) as lead phosphate
results in a electron dense deposit, visible with the electron microscope.
Enzyme activity using this technique was localized in vesicles along the intine
(principally along the aperture region) and around the generative cell.
PMID: 7068441 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
23: Plant Physiol. 1981 Jan;67(1):17/20.
Fluorescence Properties of Guard Cell Chloroplasts: EVIDENCE FOR LINEAR ELECTRON
TRANSPORT AND LIGHT/HARVESTING PIGMENTS OF PHOTOSYSTEMS I AND II.
Zeiger E, Armond P, Melis A.
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305.
The presence of chloroplasts in guard cells from leaf epidermis, coleoptile,
flowers, and albino portions of variegated leaves was established by incident
fluorescence microscopy, thus confirming the notion that guard cell chloroplasts
are remarkably conserved. Room temperature emission spectra from a few
chloroplasts in a single guard cell of Vicia faba showed one major peak at
around 683 nanometers. Low/temperature (77 K) emission spectra from peels of
albino portions of Chlorophytum comosum leaves and from mesophyll chloroplasts
of green parts of the same leaves showed major peaks at around 687 and 733
nanometers, peaks usually attributed to photosystem II and photosystem I pigment
systems, respectively. Spectra of peels of V. faba leaves showed similar peaks.
However, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the Vicia peels, as well as those
from Allium cepa and Tulipa sp., were contaminated with non/guard cell
chloroplasts which were practically undetectable under bright field
illumination. These observations pose restrictions on the use of epidermal peels
as a source of isolated guard cell chloroplasts. Studies on the
3/(3,4/dichlorophenyl)/1,1/dimethylurea/sensitive variable fluorescence kinetics
of uncontaminated epidermal peels of C. comosum indicated that guard cell
chloroplasts operate a normal, photosystem II/dependent, linear electron
transport. The above properties in combination with their reported inability to
fix CO(2) photosynthetically may render the guard cell chloroplasts optimally
suited to supply the reducing and high/energy phosphate equivalents needed to
sustain active ion transport during stomatal opening in daylight.
PMID: 16661620 [PubMed / as supplied by publisher]
24: Exp Cell Res. 1954 Nov;7(2):606/8.
[Crystal/grid structure of granum of young chloroplasts of Chlorophytum.]
[Article in German]
HEITZ E.
PMID: 13220612 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
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